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DBT skills

Dialectical Behavior Therapy gives you concrete moves for four situations: staying present, surviving a crisis wave, working with a strong emotion, and asking for what you need. Everything below is a hands-on tool — scroll, or jump to what you need.

Full-programme DBT — therapy, skills group, coaching, and a clinician team together — has strong evidence for crisis-level emotion. Practicing skills alone is a different, thinner-evidenced thing.

What this is

Dialectical Behavior Therapy was developed by Marsha Linehan, first published in full in 1993, originally for people with recurrent self-harm and borderline personality disorder. "Dialectical" refers to its central tension: accepting yourself exactly as you are right now, and working to change, held at the same time rather than as a contradiction. The skills below are organized into four modules — mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness — each built for a different kind of moment.

What it's for

Reach for TIPP and Self-Soothe when an emotion has spiked past the point where thinking helps and you need the body to come down first. Reach for PLEASE and opposite action when a feeling is strong but not a crisis, and you want to work with it rather than be run by it. Reach for DEAR MAN, GIVE, and FAST when the actual problem is a conversation — asking for something, saying no, or holding a boundary without losing the relationship or your own self-respect.

Does it work?

Linehan's original randomized trial (1991) and the 2006 comparison against treatment by community experts, Kliem et al.'s (2010) meta-analysis, and the Cochrane review of psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder (Storebø et al., 2020) all support DBT. Well-supported

The caveat, and it has to be prominent: that evidence base is for full-programme DBT — individual therapy, a skills group, phone coaching, and a therapist consultation team together — studied mainly in populations with borderline personality disorder and self-harm. Practicing skills alone from a webpage is a different intervention. Skills-training-only has its own, thinner evidence base (Valentine et al., 2015), and Linehan's own 2015 component analysis found the skills group specifically carried real effect on its own — genuinely encouraging, but it belongs in its own tier. Promising

TIPP's temperature component is the weakest-evidenced single item here, and the one with real physical risk. Promising at most — see the safety note in the TIPP section below.

Well-supported = backed by replicated randomized controlled trials · Promising = smaller studies or a single trial not yet replicated. Self-help, not a diagnostic or treatment tool.

The skills

Mindfulness

Wise Mind

Between the hot, all-feeling Emotion Mind and the cool, all-logic Reasonable Mind sits Wise Mind — where feeling and reason overlap and you just know what's right for you. Where are you right now?

Emotion MindWise MindReasonable Mind
Balanced — in Wise Mind

Drop into Wise Mind

Breathe in on the word "wise," out on "mind." Then ask yourself, honestly:

Distress Tolerance · Crisis

TIPP — bring a 9 or 10 down fast

When arousal is too high to think, change your body chemistry directly. Pick one and follow the timer.

Want just this one, bookmarked? TIPP has its own page →

TIPP is a fast physiological brake, not a substitute for care. If you're having thoughts of harming yourself, or life feels not worth continuing, please reach a person now — see support & crisis lines. If you have a heart condition, are pregnant, or have an eating disorder, check with a doctor before using the Temperature skill specifically (cold water on the face affects heart rate).

Distress Tolerance

Self-Soothe & Distract

Once the peak passes, ride out the rest without making things worse. Tap what you'll actually try — a short, concrete plan beats a long list.

Self-Soothe with the five senses

Distract with ACCEPTS

Nothing picked yet.

Save today's plan as a commitment

Emotion Regulation

Emotion Thermometer + Opposite Action

Name it, rate it, check it, then decide: does this emotion fit the facts? If it doesn't — or acting on it won't help — do the opposite, all the way.

50

Slide to match the intensity in your body.

Emotion Regulation · Reduce vulnerability

ABC PLEASE

A strong emotion mind is often a tired, hungry, unwell emotion mind — and one with too few good moments banked. Build resilience before the hard day arrives, then tend the body once it's here. Check off what's handled today.

0 of 8 tended.

Interpersonal Effectiveness

DEAR MAN — ask, or say no, effectively

Fill in the first four and this builds your script. The last three (M·A·N) are how you deliver it.

Deliver it with

Mindful — stay on point; broken-record if they deflect.  Appear confident — steady voice, eye contact.  Negotiate — be willing to give to get.

Your assembled script will appear here.

Saved scripts

Interpersonal Effectiveness

GIVE & FAST

DEAR MAN gets the outcome. GIVE keeps the relationship. FAST keeps your self-respect.

GIVE — protect the relationship

Gentle · no attacks or threats.  Interested · listen to their side.  Validate · acknowledge their feelings.  Easy manner · a little lightness goes far.

FAST — protect your self-respect

Fair · to yourself and them.  (no) Apologies · don't over-apologize for existing.  Stick to values · don't sell out to be liked.  Truthful · no exaggerating or excuses.

These are coping and communication skills, not treatment, and not a substitute for working with a DBT therapist. If you're thinking about harming yourself, or the distress won't come down no matter what you try, please reach a person you trust or a crisis line — you don't have to get through it alone.

Crisis survival

Distress Tolerance — riding out an urge

When the urge is loud and you have to get through the next twenty minutes.

This works best filled in before you need it. If you're at a 9 right now, use TIPP first and come back to this when the peak has passed.

How urgent is this situation?

Rate how strongly you want to act on this urge right now:

Can wait Moderate urge Acting NOW
Urgency: 5/10

That's a high one

At an 8 or above, thinking it through comes second. Distraction first — the deciding can wait.

🚨 Self-Harm Urge
Urge to hurt yourself physically
🍷 Substance Use
Urge to drink, use drugs, or other substances
⚡ Impulsive Action
Urge to quit, spend money, or act rashly
💔 Relationship Damage
Urge to lash out, end relationships, or burn bridges

Distract with ACCEPTS

Choose a category for urgent distraction:

Same skill as the Self-Soothe & Distract section above — this version walks you through it category by category.

🏃 Activities
Picking some ideas…
🤝 Contributing
Picking some ideas…
📊 Comparisons
Picking some ideas…
😌 Emotions
Picking some ideas…

Weighing it up

What acting on this actually costs, and what riding it out actually costs. Both are real.

❌ Acting on the Urge
✅ Resisting the Urge

The next few minutes

How is it now?

Thank you for saying so

Thank you for being honest about that — most people aren't, including with themselves. That honesty is the actual skill here.
You got through it
You successfully used distress tolerance skills to get through a crisis moment. This is exactly how you build resilience and break harmful patterns.

Your log

Every recorded victory is one you can look back on. Stored only on this device.

When this isn't the right tool

This is a self-help version of a therapy designed to be delivered by a full clinical team — a supplement, not a replacement. TIPP's temperature step has real contraindications: a heart condition, pregnancy, or an eating disorder, where the dive reflex's drop in heart rate carries genuine risk — see the safety note above, and check with a doctor before using it specifically.

If you recognise yourself in the population DBT was built for — recurrent self-harm, suicidality, or emotional dysregulation this intense and frequent — the honest advice is a full programme with a clinician, not a webpage. That's not a brush-off; it's what the evidence above actually supports. Support & crisis lines can help you find that next step.

Questions people ask

What is DBT?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, combines acceptance and change strategies to help with intense emotions and crisis moments. It was originally built for recurrent self-harm and borderline personality disorder, and its skills have since been widely adapted for general emotional regulation.
What are the four DBT skill modules?
Mindfulness (Wise Mind), Distress Tolerance (TIPP, self-soothe), Emotion Regulation (PLEASE, opposite action), and Interpersonal Effectiveness (DEAR MAN, GIVE, FAST). Each targets a different situation, from staying present to asking for something clearly.
What is Wise Mind?
The DBT idea that between purely emotional reasoning and purely logical reasoning sits a third state where feeling and reason overlap — a felt sense of knowing what's right, rather than a thought you argue your way to.
What is DEAR MAN?
A DBT interpersonal effectiveness script for asking for something or saying no clearly: Describe, Express, Assert, Reinforce, stay Mindful, Appear confident, Negotiate. It's a structure for a hard conversation, not a guarantee of the outcome.
Can you do DBT on your own from a webpage?
The strongest evidence for DBT is for the full program — individual therapy, a skills group, phone coaching, and a therapist consultation team together, mainly studied in people with significant self-harm risk. Practicing skills alone from a page is a different, thinner-evidenced intervention, and if you recognize yourself in that fuller picture, a full program with a clinician is the honest next step, not a substitute webpage.
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CBT skills tests whether a thought is true. ACT skills changes your relationship to a thought instead.

Related

Sources & further reading